What are Primitive Reflexes?

The information presented on this webpage is printed with permission from Harkla.co

Baby demonstrating Palmar Grasp Reflex holding parent's finger
Baby demonstrating plantar reflex

Primitive Reflexes….

As babies, we are born with primitive reflexes – rooting, grasp, startle, suck, etc.  These movements are done automatically by the baby to keep herself safe.  As the baby matures, her brain should no longer be influenced by these automatic responses to stimulus.  The primitive reflexes integrate in the brain as the baby/toddler/child moves on to learn new things. 

 If primitive reflexes don’t integrate, the automatic movements remain and interfere with brain function. The result? Children experience challenges with learning, reading, math, sitting still and more.

How do primitive reflexes naturally integrate?

As the baby physically does the movements that create the primitive reflex responses (suck, grasp, startle, step, etc.) over and over again, the brain learns that it does not need to react to these stimulus any more. The baby stops reacting automatically to the stimulus and the primitive reflex then is considered integrated.

Primitive reflexes are meant to integrate naturally through movement, and the baby moves on to achieve developmental milestones.

Learning head control, experiencing tummy time, rolling, crawling, etc. - these are all examples of natural movements that will assist in natural primitive reflex integration.

What if primitive reflexes do not integrate?

Each primitive reflex comes with its own set of movements and leads to new and different developmental milestones.

If a specific reflex is does not integrate, the retained primitive reflex interferes with the baby learning the next body movement or skill.

Retained primitive reflexes can interfere with learning and behaviour.

Here are our top 20 behaviours that could occur for children with retained primitive reflexes: 

  1. Distracted and fidgety

  2. Unable to sit still

  3. Learning difficulties

  4. Struggles with written and verbal instructions

  5. Challenges with reading and/or math

  6. Poor handwriting

  7. Tight pencil grip

  8. Difficulty doing fine finger movements like stringing beads

  9. Opens and closes hands when writing or cutting with scissors

  10. Sticks out tongue when using hands

  11. Motion sickness

  12. Anxious or fearful

  13. Clumsy

  14. Walks with toes pointed in or out

  15. Very ticklish

  16. Bed wetting beyond age 5

  17. IBS over the age of 4 years

  18. Thumb sucking beyond 1.5 years old

  19. Eats with hands rather than utensils

  20. Doesn’t like to walk on grass

Retained Primitive Reflexes affect EVERYTHING

〰️

Retained Primitive Reflexes affect EVERYTHING 〰️

How We Can Help

Dr. Melanie Beingessner, Dr. Laurence Dion, Dr. Leah Robinson from Blessingways Family Wellness in Airdrie and North Calgary, AB

Both children AND adults can have Retained Primitive Reflexes

Dr. Melanie, Dr. Laurence and Dr. Leah have taken extra courses and seminars to learn how to assess and treat people with retained primitive reflexes

  • We will have you fill out a comprehensive intake form that will help us to focus on which reflexes might be retained

  • We will do a thorough chiropractic and neurological exam

  • We will make an individualized plan for you and/or your child that will include chiropractic adjustments and home exercises

    These home exercises must be done twice a day for at least 30 days for your nervous system to integrate the retained primitive reflexes

  • Then we will re-exam to assess and plan again

If you would like more information, or to
make an appointment with one of our Doctors,
please call us at
403-945-2422

When children retain Primitive Reflexes, they will often struggle with:

  • Social Skills

  • Coordination for playing games or sports

  • Emotional Regulation

  • Problem Solving

  • Focusing in Class

  • Ants in Their Pants

  • Reading and writing

  • Anxiety

What causes a Primitive Reflex to NOT integrate?

  • During Pregnancy

    Hyperemesis or severe morning sickness

    Severe viral infection during the first 12weeks or between 26-30 weeks

    Alcohol / drug use / medications/smoking

    Severe stress or trauma, especially during weeks 25-27

    Stroke in utero

    Conceived as a result of IVF

  • During Birth

    Premature birth

    Prolonged or fast labor

    Assisted delivery, i.e. use of force vacuum extraction

    Trauma during birth

    Induced labor

    Caesarean section delivery

    Cord wrapped around infant's neck; fetal distress

  • After Birth

    Prolonged jaundice

    Torticollis

    Developmental motor delays

    Minimal floor time as an infant

    Low birth weight

    Excessive use of containers during infancy

  • Infancy - Toddlerhood

    Problems with feeding within the first 6 months of life

    Tongue / lip tie

    Cerebral Palsy or other physical disability

    Down Syndrome or other intellectual disability

    Severe traumatic event

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

    Epilepsy

    Autism

This is not an exhaustive list, but simply some potential factors that have been identified in correlation with retained primitive reflexes.
These factors, however, are not a guarantee that a child’s primitive reflexes will be retained

How do I know if my child has Retained Primitive Reflexes?
(or maybe if I have one, or two as well???!)

Here are more common behaviours of people who have Retained Primitive Reflexes:

  • motion sickness

  • anxiety/nervousness

  • mood swings

  • frequent headaches

  • fatigues easily

  • presents with ADD/ADHD tendencies

  • poor social skills

  • poor balance

  • poor muscle tone

  • poor posture (seated/standing)

  • fear of heights

  • abnormal gait

  • fidgeting

  • decreased concentration

  • bed wetting beyond age 5

  • irritated by clothing on waist

  • frequent middle ear infections

  • IBS over the age of 4 years

  • poor handwriting

  • right/left confusion

  • mixes b's and d's during writing

  • did not crawl/skipped crawling as a baby

  • struggled with rolling in infancy

  • lays head on desk while writing

  • biting fingernails

  • thumb sucking beyond 1.5 years old

  • tightening of jaw with clenched fists

  • eats with hands rather than utensils

  • extreme picky eating

  • messy eater

  • difficulty chewing/swallowing

  • tethered oral tissues

  • reading difficulties

  • ants-in-the-pants

  • challenges calming down

  • poor impulse control

Dr. Melanie, Dr. Laurence and Dr. Leah have taken many courses about retained primitive reflexes. One course, offered by Harkla, called Assessment and Integration of Primitive Reflexes Master Level was created by Rachel Harrington and Jessica Hill, both occupational therapists

We have been given permission by them to post their very thorough information on our website and to give their handouts to our patients

For more information about Harkla’s courses for
professionals and parents,
please click here